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1.
CienciaUAT ; 12(2): 54-66, ene.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001726

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las residencias médicas garantizan la formación y preparación de los futuros especialistas, no solo académica, sino también humana. Sin embargo, existe evidencia de maltrato, discriminación y abusos en los residentes médicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar experiencias de violencia física, psicológica o sexual de los residentes médicos del estado de Veracruz, México. Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo, mediante una metodología cuantitativa, de una población conformada por 656 médicos residentes de 16 unidades receptoras durante el año 2014. El 87 % reportó por lo menos una experiencia de agresión en su tiempo de formación como especialistas y hasta el 50.46 % refirió violencia psicológica. Sus principales agresores fueron jefes de servicio (33.5 %) y compañeros residentes (33.5 %), viéndose más afectados en el turno matutino (34.76 %). De la población total, 51.52 % son hombres y 48.48 % mujeres. En relación al análisis bivariado se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: correlación entre sexo y violencia psicológica: X 2 = 9.740 6, p = 0.004; violencia fisica: X 2 = 4.876 4, p = 0.003; y violencia sexual: X 2 = 4.868 4, P = 0.001. Los varones presentaron tasas de agresión más altas en el grupo de médicos residentes sometidos a mayor nivel de violencia psicológica, física y sexual. Con este estudio se enfatiza la importancia de forjar valores institucionales en la práctica médica, como el respeto y la dignidad, entre los médicos residentes, superiores y/o profesionales que intervienen en la formación y perfeccionamiento de sus especialidades.


Abstract The Medical residencies guarantee the academic and human apprenticeship and training of the future medical specialists. Nevertheless, there is evidence of maltreatment, discrimination and abuse against the medical residents. The purpose of this work was to identify experiences of physical, psychological or sexual violence of medical residents in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. A cross-sectional quantitative analysis was carried out focusing on a population of 656 residents from 16 receiving medical centers during 2014. Results indicate that 87% reported at least one experience of physical violence during their medical internship as specialists. Additionally, and up to 50.46% it reported psychological violence. The main aggressors were reported to be chiefs of service (33T5 %) and resident partners (33.5 %) and participants were more affected during the morning shift (34.76 %). 51.52 % of the participating population are males and 48.48 % are fema les. As regards The bivariate analysis revealed the following results: correlation between gender and psychological violence: X2 = 9.740 6, p = 0.004; physical violence: X2 = 4.876 4, p = 0.003; and sexual violence: X2 = 4.868 4, p = 0.001. Males reported higher aggression rates in their medical internships since they were subject to higher levels of psychological, physical and sexual violence. The results of the study emphasize the importance of forging institutional values as an integral part of medical residency programs. Respect and the dignity among medical residents, superiors and health professionals who are involved in training and apprenticeships of specialists should be promoted.

2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(3): 282-285, May-June 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593359

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The situation of tuberculosis (TB) is being modified by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is increasing the occurrence of new cases and the generation of drug resistant strains, affecting not only the people infected with HIV, but also their close contacts and the general population, conforming a serious public health concern. However, the magnitudes of the factors associated to this co-infection differ considerably in relation to the population groups and geographical areas. METHODS: In order to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for the co-infection of tuberculosis (TB) in a population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) in the Southeast of Mexico, we made the analysis of clinical and epidemiological variables and the diagnosis of tuberculosis by isolation of mycobacteria from respiratory samples. RESULTS: From the 147 HIV+ individuals analyzed, 12 were culture positive; this shows a prevalence of 8 percent for the co-infection. The only variable found with statistical significance for the co-infection was the number of CD4-T < 200 cells/mm³, OR 13 (95 percent, CI 2-106 vs 12-109). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first report describing the factors associated with tuberculosis co -infection with HIV in a population from Southern Mexico. The low number of CD4 T-cells was the only variable associated with the TB co-infection and the rest of the variables provide scenarios that require specific and particular interventions for this population group.


INTRODUÇÃO: A situação da tuberculose (TB) foi modificada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Com isso, aumentou-se a ocorrência de novos casos de TB e a geração de cepas resistentes à droga, afetando não só as pessoas infectadas com HIV, mas também seus contatos próximos e da população em geral, gerando um sério problema de saúde pública. No entanto, a magnitude dos fatores associados à esta coinfecção diferem consideravelmente em relação aos grupos populacionais e áreas geográficas. MÉTODOS: Para avaliar a prevalência da comorbilidade e fatores de risco da coinfecção de tuberculose (TB) em uma população com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH+) no sudeste do México, nós fizemos a análise das variáveis clínicas e epidemiológicas e de isolamento da micobactérias através de cultura de amostras respiratórias. RESULTADOS: A partir de 147 indivíduos HIV+ analisados, 12 foram positivos na cultura, o que mostra uma prevalência de 8 por cento para a coinfecção. A única variável com significância estatística encontrada para a coinfecção foi o número de células CD4-T<200 células/mm³, OR 13 (95 por cento, CI 2-106 vs 12-109). CONCLUSÕES: Ao nosso conhecimento este é o primeiro relatório que descreve os fatores associados à coinfecção de tuberculose com HIV em uma população do sudeste do Mexico. O baixo número de células T CD4+ foi à única variável associada com a coinfecção por TB no resto das variáveis, proporcionando situações que exigem intervenções específicas e particulares para este grupo populacional.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology , Mexico/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
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